Iinqununu ze-nano-size particles zandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kweepeyinti ezikhuselayo, iingubo, ii-primers kunye ne-wax yensimbi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-graphene nanosheets ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza yinto entsha kodwa ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwishishini lepeyinti.
Ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwiimveliso zokukhusela isinyithi kuyinto entsha-kuphela kwezorhwebo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo-i-graphene nanosheets (NNPs) ibonakaliswe ukuba inempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati ze-primers, iingubo, iipeyinti, i-wax, kunye ne-lubricant.Nangona umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokulawula uxinzelelo uhluka ukusuka kwishumi ezimbalwa ukuya kwiipesenti ezimbalwa, ukongezwa okuchanekileyo kwe-GNP kuya kuba yinto eyongezelelweyo yezinto ezininzi ezinokwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuqina kwengubo, ukuphucula ukuchasana kweekhemikhali, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kunye nokuqhaqha. ukuxhathisa.;ide incede umphezulu ukuba ukhuphe ngokulula amanzi kunye nokungcola.Ukongeza, ii-GNP zihlala zisebenza njenge-synergists, zinceda ezinye izongezo zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezisezantsi ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza.I-graphene nanosheets sele isetyenziselwa urhwebo kwiimveliso zokukhusela isinyithi ukusuka kwii-auto sealants, izitshizi kunye ne-wax ukuya kwii-primers kunye neepeyinti ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi beemoto, iikontraki zokwakha kunye nabathengi.Ukusetyenziswa okungaphezulu (okufana nokunqanda ukungcoliseka kolwandle/i-anticorrosive primers kunye neepeyinti) kuxelwe ukuba zikwinqanaba lokugqibela lovavanyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zithengiswe kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseManchester (eManchester, e-UK) baba ngabokuqala ukuhlukanisa i-graphene ye-single-layer ngo-2004, apho bawongwa ngeBhaso le-Nobel kwi-Physics lika-2010.I-graphene nanosheets - i-multi-layered form of graphene ekhoyo evela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo be-particle kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi - ziyi-flat / scaly nanosized 2D iifom ze-carbon.Njengamanye ama-nanoparticles, amandla e-GNPs ukutshintsha kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zeemveliso ze-macroscopic ezifana neefilimu ze-polymer, iiplastiki / iinxalenye ezidibeneyo, iingubo, kunye nekhonkrithi ayihambelani ngokupheleleyo nobukhulu bayo obuncinci.Umzekelo, iflethi, ebanzi kodwa ebhityileyo ijometri yezongezo ze-GNP izenza zilungele ukubonelela ngokhuselo olusebenzayo ngaphandle kokunyuswa kobunzima bokugquma.Ngokuchasene noko, ukusebenza kwabo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokwambathisa kudla ngokuthetha ukuba kufunwa ukugquma okuncinci okanye kufakwe i-coatings encinci.Izinto ze-GNP nazo zinendawo ephezulu kakhulu (2600 m2 / g).Xa zihlakazwe ngokufanelekileyo, zinokuphucula kakhulu iipropati zomqobo zokugquma kwiikhemikhali okanye kwiigesi, okukhokelela ekukhuselweni okuphuculweyo kwi-corrosion kunye ne-oxidation.Ukongeza, ukusuka kwindawo tribological yembono, babe ephantsi kakhulu umphezulu ukucheba, nto leyo enegalelo ekuphuculeni ukumelana ukunxiba kunye ukutyibilika coefficient, nto leyo inceda ukunika ukutyabeka ukumelana umkrwelo ngcono kwaye ugxotha ubumdaka, amanzi, microorganisms, algae, njl Ukuqwalasela ezi Iipropati, kulula ukuqonda ukuba kutheni na imali encinci yezongezo ze-GNP inokusebenza kakhulu ekuphuculeni iipropathi zoluhlu olukhulu lweemveliso ezisetyenziswa lishishini yonke imihla.
Nangona bona, njengamanye ama-nanoparticles, banamandla amakhulu, ukuhlukanisa kunye nokusabalalisa i-graphene nanosheets ngendlela enokuthi isetyenziswe ngabaphuhlisi bepeyinti okanye i-plastiki formulators ayilula.Ukunciphisa ii-aggregates ezinkulu ze-nanoparticles ukwenzela ukusasazwa okusebenzayo (kunye nokusasazwa kwiimveliso ezizinzile kwi-shelf) ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiiplastiki, iifilimu kunye neengubo zokugqoka zibonakalise umngeni.
Iinkampani zorhwebo ze-GNP zibonelela ngeemorphologies ezahlukeneyo (umaleko omnye, umaleko-ntlantlu, iidayamitha ezahlukeneyo zomndilili kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali okongeziweyo) kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo (umgubo owomileyo kunye nolwelo [i-solvent-based, amanzi-based or resin- esekelwe] ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zepolymer).Abavelisi abaphambili kakhulu ekurhwebeni bathi basebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye neefomyula zepeyinti ukufumana eyona ndibaniselwano yezakhiwo kwezona zilinganiso zisebenzayo zokuphucula umgangatho wepeyinti ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi ezinye iipropati eziphambili.Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iinkampani ezinokuxoxa ngomsebenzi wazo kwintsimi yokukhusela iintsimbi.
Iimveliso zokhathalelo lwemoto yayiyenye yezicelo zokuqala nezibalulekileyo zegraphene kushishino lwepeyinti.Ifoto: Surf Protection Solutions LLC
Esinye sezicelo zokuqala zokurhweba kwiimveliso zokukhusela isinyithi segraphene sasikwi-automotive trim.Ingaba isetyenziswe kwi-liquid, i-aerosol, okanye i-wax formulations, ezi mveliso zokunakekelwa kweemoto eziphezulu zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwipeyinti yemoto okanye i-chrome, ukuphucula i-gloss kunye nobunzulu bomfanekiso (i-DOI), ukwenza iimoto zibe lula ukucoca, kunye nokugcina ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokwandisa iipropati.ukhuseleko luphezulu kakhulu kuneemveliso eziqhelekileyo.Iimveliso eziphuculweyo ze-GNP, ezinye zazo ezithengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi kwaye ezinye zithengiswa kuphela kwiisaluni zobuhle, zikhuphisana ne-ceramic (oxide) iimveliso eziphuculweyo (eziqulethe i-silica, i-titanium dioxide, okanye umxube wazo zombini).Iimveliso eziqulethe i-GNP zinomsebenzi ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu njengoko zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezingenakukwazi ukubonelela nge-ceramic.I-Graphene's high conductivity thermal conductivity ichitha ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu - i-boon yeemveliso ezisetyenziswa kwiihoods kunye namavili - kunye ne-conductivity yayo ephezulu yombane ichitha iintlawulo ezimileyo, isenza kube nzima ukuncamathela uthuli.Nge-angle enkulu yoqhagamshelwano (i-125 degrees), iingubo ze-GNP zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, zinciphisa amabala amanzi.Iipropati ezigqwesileyo ezigqwesileyo kunye nezithintelo zikhusela ngcono ipeyinti kwimikrwelo, imitha ye-UV, iikhemikhali, i-oxidation kunye ne-warping.Ukucaca okuphezulu kuvumela iimveliso ezisekelwe kwi-GNP ukuba zigcine ukukhazimla, ukubonakala okubonakalayo okuthandwa kakhulu kweli candelo.
I-Surface Protective Solutions LLC (SPS) yaseGrafton, eWisconsin, umenzi woqulunqo ononyawo oluqinileyo kweli candelo lemarike, uthengisa i-graphene ehlala i-solvent-based based coating ehlala iminyaka kwaye ithengisa ipeyinti esekwe emanzini e-graphene.ISerum yokuthintela ngokukhawuleza okuhlala iinyanga ezininzi.Zombini ezi mveliso okwangoku zifumaneka kuphela kwiingcali ze-esthetician eziqeqeshiweyo nezinelayisenisi, nangona kukho izicwangciso zokubonelela ngezithambiso kunye nezinye iimveliso zokhathalelo lwasemva kolwazi ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi kwixesha elizayo elingekude.Izicelo ekujoliswe kuzo zibandakanya iimoto, iilori, kunye nezithuthuthu, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisondele ekuthengiseni amakhaya kunye nezikhephe.(I-SPS ikwabonelela ngemveliso ye-antimony/tin oxide ebonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-UV kumphezulu.)
UMongameli we-SPS uBrett Welsien uthi: “Iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ze-carnauba kunye nezitywini zinokukhusela iindawo ezipeyintiweyo ukusuka kwiiveki ukuya kwiinyanga.Iingubo zeCeramic, ezaziswa kwimarike phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2000, zenza iqhina elomeleleyo kwi-substrate kwaye ibonelele iminyaka ye-UV kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, iindawo zokuzicoca, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuphuculwa kokugcinwa kweglosi.Nangona kunjalo, ubuthathaka babo ngamabala amanzi.ipeyinti yomphezulu kunye nesmudges zomphezulu ezithi iimvavanyo zethu zibonise ukuba zibangelwa kukudluliselwa kobushushu okungekho mgangathweni Ukukhawulezisa ukuya ku-2015 xa uphando ngegraphene njengesongezo lwaqala Ngo-2018 sasiyinkampani yokuqala e-US ukuphehlelela ngokusesikweni isongezo sepeyinti yegraphene kwinkqubo. yokuphuhlisa iimveliso zenkampani ngokusekelwe kwi-GNP, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba amabala amanzi kunye namabala angaphezulu (ngenxa yokudibana nenkunkuma yeentaka, incindi yemithi, izinambuzane kunye neekhemikhali ezibukhali) zancitshiswa ngomyinge wama-50%, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ngenxa ye-abrasion. kwi-coefficient esezantsi yokukhuhlana.
Applied Graphene Materials plc (AGM, Redcar, UK) yinkampani ebonelela nge-GNP dispersions kwinani labathengi abaphuhlisa iimveliso zokhathalelo lwemoto.Umenzi we-graphene oneminyaka eyi-11 uzichaza njengenkokeli yehlabathi ekuphuhliseni nasekusetyenzisweni kwe-GNP ye-dispersions kwi-coatings, i-composites kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.Enyanisweni, i-AGM ibika ukuba iipeyinti kunye neengubo zokugqoka okwangoku zithatha i-80% yeshishini layo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba amalungu amaninzi eqela lakhe lobugcisa avela kumashishini epeyinti kunye neengubo, ezinceda i-AGM iqonde iintlungu zentlungu zabaqulunqi ababini kwaye ekugqibeleni , abasebenzisi..
I-Halo Autocare Ltd. (i-Stockport, e-UK) isebenzisa i-AGM ye-Genable GNP yokusabalalisa kwiimveliso ezimbini ze-EZ zokhathalelo lwemoto.Ikhutshwe ngo-2020, i-graphene wax yeepaneli zomzimba idibanisa i-T1 carnauba wax, i-bewax, kunye neoli ye-nut yeziqhamo kunye ne-polymers, i-wetting agents, kunye ne-GNP ukuguqula ukuziphatha kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide, ubuhlalu obugqwesileyo bamanzi kunye neefilimu, ukuqokelelwa kokungcola okuphantsi, kulula ukuyicoca, iphelisa inkunkuma yeentaka kwaye inciphisa kakhulu amabala amanzi.I-Graphene Alloy Wheel Wax inazo zonke ezi zibonelelo, kodwa yenzelwe ngokukodwa amaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ukunyuka kwamavili kunye neengcebiso zokukhupha.I-GNP yongezwa kwisiseko sobushushu obuphezulu be-microcrystalline wax, i-oyile yokwenziwa, ii-polymers kunye neenkqubo ze-resin ezinyangekayo.I-Halo ithi kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni, imveliso iya kukhusela amavili kwiinyanga ezi-4-6.
UJames Briggs Ltd. (i-Salmon Fields, e-UK), ezichaza njengenye yeenkampani zekhemikhali zasekhaya ezinkulu zaseYurophu, ngomnye umthengi we-AGM usebenzisa i-GNP dispersions ukuphuhlisa i-hycote graphene anti-corrosion primer.Isitshizi se-aerosol esomisa ngokukhawuleza esingenazinki sinokuncamathela okugqwesileyo kwiintsimbi kunye neeplastiki kwaye sisetyenziswa ngabantu abafana neevenkile zemizimba kunye nabathengi ukumisa okanye ukuthintela ukubola kwemigangatho yesinyithi kunye nokulungiselela ezo ndawo zokupeyinta kunye nokugquma.I-primer inikezela ngaphezu kweeyure ze-1750 zokukhusela i-corrosion ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM G-85, iSihlomelo se-5, kunye neempawu ezintle zomqobo kunye nokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kwi-cone test (ASTM D-522).ubomi bokuqala.I-AGM ithe isebenze ngokusondeleleneyo nabathengi ngexesha lenkqubo yophuhliso lokwandisa iipropati ezongeziweyo ngexabiso ngelixa linciphisa impembelelo kwindleko yemveliso.
Inani kunye neentlobo zeemveliso ze-GNP zokuphucula imoto kwiimarike zikhula ngokukhawuleza.Enyanisweni, ubukho begraphene buchazwa njengenzuzo enkulu yokusebenza kwaye ibonakaliswe kwitshathi yemveliso.|James Briggs Ltd. (ngasekhohlo), Halo Autocare Ltd. (phezulu ekunene) kunye neSurface Protective Solutions LLCSurface Protective Solutions LLC (ezantsi ekunene)
I-anti-corrosion coatings yindawo ekhulayo yesicelo se-GNP, apho i-nanoparticles inokwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokulondoloza, ukunciphisa umonakalo wokudumba, ukwandisa ukukhuselwa kwewaranti, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zolawulo lwe-asethi.|IHershey Coatings Co., Ltd.
I-GNP isanda kusetyenziswa kwi-anti-corrosion coatings kunye ne-primers kwiindawo ezinzima (C3-C5).U-Adrian Potts, i-CEO ye-AGM, wachaza: "Xa ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-solvent- okanye i-coatings esekelwe emanzini, i-graphene inokunikezela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zokuchasana nokubola kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lokuhlwa."impembelelo ngokwandisa ubomi be-asethi, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwe-asethi, kunye neemveliso ezisekwe emanzini okanye iimveliso ezinezongezo ezinetyhefu ngakumbi njenge-zinc azisafuneki okanye zisetyenziswa.indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kunye nethuba kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.“Umhlwa yinto enkulu, umhlwa ayingomxholo umnandi kakhulu kuba umele ukuwohloka kwempahla yomthengi, yingxaki enkulu,” wongeze watsho.
Umthengi we-AGM oqalise ngempumelelo i-primer yokutshiza i-aerosol yi-Halfords Ltd. esekelwe eWashington, e-UK, umthengisi ohamba phambili waseBrithani kunye no-Irish wezixhobo zemoto, izixhobo, izixhobo zenkampu kunye neebhayisikili.I-graphene anti-corrosion primer yenkampani ayinazinki, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikhuseleke ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo.Kuthiwa inonamathela ngokugqwesileyo kwimigangatho yentsimbi ebandakanya intsimbi ethambileyo, i-aluminium kunye ne-Zintec, igcwalise ukungafezeki komphezulu omncinci kwaye yome ngemizuzu emi-3-4 ukuya kwisanti yesanti kwimizuzu engama-20 kuphela.Iphinde yadlula iiyure ze-1,750 zokutshiza ityuwa kunye novavanyo lwe-cone ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.Ngokutsho kwe-Halfords, i-primer inokumelana ne-sag egqwesileyo, ivumela ubunzulu obukhulu bokugquma, kwaye ibonelela ngeempawu zomqobo ezigqwesileyo ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi bokugquma.Ukongeza, i-primer inokuhambelana okugqwesileyo kunye nesizukulwana samva nje sepeyinti esekwe ngamanzi.
I-Alltimes Coatings Ltd. evela e-Stroud, e-UK, ingcali ekukhuselweni kwe-corrosion yophahla lwentsimbi, isebenzisa i-AGM dispersions kwiinkqubo zayo ze-Advantage Graphene zokuphahla ulwelo lwezakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo.Imveliso yandisa ubunzima obuncinci bephahla, imozulu kunye ne-UV ukumelana, i-solvents, i-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) kunye ne-isocyanates.Inye kuphela umaleko osetyenziswa kwindawo elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubo inokumelana nempembelelo kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukwandiswa okugqwesileyo kwaye akukho kuncipha emva kokunyanga.Ingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa le-3-60 ° C / 37-140 ° F kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe.Ukongezwa kwegraphene kuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, kwaye imveliso idlulise uvavanyo lwe-10,000 yeyure engathathi hlangothi yokutshiza ityuwa (ISO9227: 2017), ukwandisa ubomi bewaranti ye-Autotech ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-30 iminyaka.Ngaphandle kokudala umqobo osebenzayo ngokuchasene namanzi, ioksijini kunye netyuwa, i-microporous coating iyaphefumla.Ukuququzelela uqeqesho loyilo lwezakhiwo, i-Alltimes iphuhlise ikharityhulamu eCwangcisiweyo yoPhuhliso lobuNgcali (CPD).
I-Blocksil Ltd. evela e-Lichfield, e-UK, izichaza njengenkampani ephumelele i-coatings enikezela amandla angaphezulu kunye nezisombululo zokulondoloza abasebenzi kubathengi kwiimoto, umzila, ukwakhiwa, amandla, ulwandle kunye ne-aerospace kumashishini.I-Blocksil isebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-AGM ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha se-MT anti-corrosion coatings kunye ne-graphene-reinforced top layer yentsimbi yesakhiwo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kunye ne-corrosion.Ifumaneka ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, i-VOC kunye ne-solvent free, inkqubo yedyasi enye ixhathisa ngokugqithisileyo ukufuma kwaye idlule iiyure ze-11,800 zokuvavanywa kwetyuwa yokungathathi hlangothi kwe-50% yokuqina ngaphezu kweemveliso zangaphambili.Ngokuthelekisa, i-Blocksil ithi i-polyvinyl chloride engaxutywanga (UPVC) ihlala iiyure ezingama-500 kolu vavanyo, ngelixa ipeyinti ye-epoxy ithatha iiyure ezingama-250-300.Inkampani ikwatsho ukuba ipeyinti ingafakwa kwintsimbi emanzi kancinci kwaye ithintele ukungena kwamanzi kamsinya emva kokufakwa kwesicelo.Ichazwa njengokumelana nomphezulu, iya kuhlwa ukuba nje ukungcola okuxekekileyo kususiwe kwaye kunyange ngaphandle kobushushu bangaphandle ukuze isetyenziswe ebaleni.I-coating inoluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-60 ° C / 32-140 ° F kwaye idlulise iimvavanyo eziqinileyo zomlilo (BS476-3: 2004, CEN / TS1187: 2012-Test 4 (kubandakanywa ne-EN13501-5: 2016-test 4 4)) ziyakwazi ukumelana negraffiti kwaye zineUV egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nemozulu.Kuxelwe ukuba i-coating isetyenzisiwe kwi-launcher masts e-RTÉ (i-Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin, Ireland) nakwiisathelayithi zonxibelelwano kwi-Avanti Communications Group plc (eLondon) nakwikholamu ezahluliweyo kunye nezinxuseneyo (i-SSP) kwimizila kaloliwe, apho idlule kwi-EN45545 -2:2013, R7 ukuya HL3.
Enye inkampani esebenzisa i-GNP-reinforced coatings ukukhusela isinyithi ngumthengisi we-automotive wehlabathi jikelele i-Martinrea International Inc. (i-Toronto), esebenzisa i-graphene-reinforced polyamide (i-PA, ebizwa ngokuba yi-nylon) yeemoto ezigqunywe abantu.(Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle ze-thermoplastic, umthengisi waseMontreal uGNP NanoXplore Inc. unikeze iMartinrea kunye ne-GNP / PA coating yonke.) Imveliso ibikwa ukunciphisa ubunzima nge-25 ekhulwini kwaye inikeze ukukhuseleka okungaphezulu kokunxiba, ukuqinisa amandla aphezulu, kunye nokuphuculwa kweekhemikhali. ukhuselo.ukumelana akufuni naluphi na utshintsho kwizixhobo esele zikhona okanye iinkqubo.UMartinrea waphawula ukuba ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwengubo kunokwandisa isicelo sayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo eemoto, ngakumbi izithuthi zombane.
Ngokugqityezelwa kweemvavanyo ezininzi zexesha elide, ukukhuselwa komhlwa elwandle kunye nokuchasana nokungangcolisi kunokwenzeka ukuba kube sisicelo esibalulekileyo se-GNP.I-Graphene additive Talga Group Ltd. ngoku iyavavanywa kwiimeko zokwenyani zolwandle kwiinqanawa ezimbini ezinkulu.Enye yeenqanawa yayisandul 'ukugqiba uhlolo lweenyanga ezili-15 kwaye kwathiwa amacandelo afakwe kwi-GNP eqinisiwe i-primer abonise iziphumo ezithelekisayo okanye ezingcono kuneesampuli zangaphambili ngaphandle kokuqiniswa, esele ibonise iimpawu zokubola.|Targa Group Co., Ltd.
Uninzi lwabaphuhlisi bepeyinti kunye nabavelisi begraphene baye basebenza nzima ukuphuhlisa i-anti-corrosion / anti-fouling i-coatings kushishino lwaselwandle.Ngenxa yovavanyo olubanzi kunye nexesha elide olufunekayo ukuze ufumane imvume kulo mmandla, uninzi lweenkampani esithe sathetha nazo zibonise ukuba iimveliso zabo zisekwinqanaba lovavanyo kunye novavanyo kwaye izivumelwano zokungabhengezi (NDAs) zibathintele ekuxoxeni ngomsebenzi wabo intsimi.ngalinye lichaze ukuba uvavanyo olwenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku lubonise inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekubandakanyeni i-GNP kwiipavumente zaselwandle.
Enye inkampani engazange ikwazi ukuchaza banzi ngomsebenzi wayo yi-2D Materials Pte ese-Singapore.Ltd., eyaqala ukuvelisa i-GNP kwisikali selebhu kwi-2017 kunye nesikali sorhwebo kunyaka ophelileyo.Iimveliso zayo zegraphene ziyilelwe ngokukodwa umzi-mveliso wepeyinti, kwaye inkampani ithe ibisebenza nababoneleli ababini abakhulu baselwandle be-anti-corrosion anti-corrosion coating ukusukela ngo-2019 ukuphuhlisa iipeyinti kunye neengubo zeli candelo.I-2D Materials nayo yathi isebenza kunye nenkampani enkulu yensimbi ukufaka i-graphene kwi-oyile esetyenziselwa ukukhusela intsimbi ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kunye nokugcinwa.NgokukaChwang Chie Fu, ingcali ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ze-2D, "igraphene inefuthe elikhulu kwiingubo ezisebenzayo."“Ngokomzekelo, kwimizi-mveliso yaselwandle, izinc yenye yezinto eziphambili zokugquma izinto zokugquma.I-graphene ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukufaka endaweni ye-zinc kwezi zigqumathelo.Ukongeza ngaphantsi kwe-2% yegraphene kunokwandisa kakhulu ubomi bezi ngubo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba oku kuyenza ibe yixabiso elinomtsalane ekunzima ukulandula.
I-Talga Group Ltd. (iPerth, e-Australia), inkampani ye-anode yebhetri kunye ne-graphene eyasungulwa ngo-2010, yabhengeza ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuba i-Talcoat graphene isongezelelo se-primers ibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kwiimvavanyo zolwandle zangempela.Isongezo silungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiingubo zaselwandle ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukunciphisa ilahleko yepeyinti kwi-ecosystems yasemanzini kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokunyusa ixesha ledock elomileyo.Ngokucacileyo, esi songezo esomileyo esisasazekayo sinokudityaniswa kwiingubo kwindawo, emele uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lwezorhwebo lweemveliso ze-GNP, ezidla ngokunikezelwa njenge-dispersions yolwelo ukuqinisekisa ukuxuba okulungileyo.
Ngo-2019, isongezo saxutywa ngaphambili kunye neepakethi ezimbini ze-epoxy primer evela kumboneleli ophambili wokugquma kwaye sasetyenziswa kwi-hull yenqanawa enkulu ye-700m²/7535ft² njengenxalenye yovavanyo lolwandle ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwengubo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa zaselwandle.(Ukubonelela ngesiseko esinokwenyani, iprimer ebhalwe ngokwesithethe yayisetyenziswa kwenye indawo ukwahlula imveliso nganye. Zombini iiprimers ke zaqatywa phezulu.) Ngelo xesha, esi sicelo sasigqalwa njengesona sixhobo sikhulu segraphene emhlabeni.Umkhumbi uhlolwe iinyanga ezili-15 kwaye amacandelo afakwe kwi-GNP eqiniweyo ye-primer kuthiwa aqhutywe ngokuthelekiswa okanye angcono kunesiseko ngaphandle kokuqiniswa, esele ibonise iimpawu zokubola.Uvavanyo lwesibini lubandakanya ukuba isifakeli sepeyinti sixube isongezelelo se-GNP esingumgubo kwindawo kunye nepeyinti eneepakethi ezimbini ye-epoxy evela komnye umthengisi wepeyinti ohamba phambili kwaye uyitshize kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesikhongozeli esikhulu.Amatyala amabini asaqhuba.UTalga uphawule ukuba izithintelo zokuhamba ezinxulumene nobhubhane ziyaqhubeka nokuchaphazela uhambo lwamazwe aphesheya, zilibazisa iindaba malunga nendlela umsebenzi osebenza ngayo kwinqanawa yesibini.Ikhuthazwe zezi ziphumo, kuthiwa i-Talga iphuhlisa i-anti-fouling yaselwandle, i-anti-microbial coatings yentsimbi kunye ne-plastiki, i-anti-corrosion ye-anti-corrosion ye-bulky metal, kunye ne-barrier barrier package yeplastiki.
Iprojekthi yophuhliso ye-GNP yabhengezwa ngoMatshi yi-Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Toray Industries, Inc. (Tokyo), yatsala umdla wabaphuhlisi bokuqulunqa i-coating, kubandakanywa nokudalwa kwesisombululo se-ultrafine dispersion graphene, ekuthiwa sibonisa ukumanzi okugqwesileyo.I-conductivity ephezulu idibene nombane ophezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity.Isitshixo ekuphuhliseni kukusetyenziswa kwepolymer eyodwa (engachazwanga) ekuthiwa ilawula i-viscosity ngokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-graphene nanosheets, ngaloo ndlela isombulula ingxaki yexesha elide lokudala i-GNP egxininiswe kakhulu.
Xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo se-GNP dispersions, imveliso entsha ye-Toray's high-fluidity ephezulu, equlethe i-polymer ekhethekileyo elawula i-viscosity ngokuthintela i-graphene nanoparticle aggregation, ivelisa i-dispersions ye-GNP egxininiswe kakhulu, ene-ultra-fine ye-GNP ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu yombane kunye nokwanda kwe-fluidity ukuze kube lula ukuphatha kwaye ukuxuba.|I-Torey Industries Co., Ltd.
Umphandi weToray uEiichiro Tamaki uthi: "Igraphene ebhityileyo ithande ukuhlanganisana ngokulula ngakumbi, nto leyo inciphisa ulwelo kwaye yenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezixutyiweyo.""Ukuze ugweme ingxaki yokunamathela, i-nanoplates idla ngokuhlanjululwa kwisisombululo esisezantsi.Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwingqwalasela eyaneleyo ukuze usebenzise ngokupheleleyo igraphene. ”Ukusasazwa okugqwesileyo kwe-GNP kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi okwandayo ukuze kube lula ukuphatha kunye nokudibanisa.Izicelo zokuqala kuthiwa ziquka iibhetri, iisekethe ze-elektroniki eziprintwayo, kunye nezixhobo zokunqanda ukubola ukuze kungene amanzi neoksijini.Inkampani ibiphanda kwaye yenza igraphene iminyaka eli-10 kwaye ithi iphuhlise itekhnoloji yokusasaza ukwenza igraphene ifikeleleke ngakumbi.Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-polymer ekhethekileyo ichaphazela zombini ii-nanosheets ngokwazo kunye ne-dispersion medium, uTamaki waphawula, esithi isebenza kakuhle ngakumbi ngee-solvents ze-polar.
Xa kujongwa zonke izibonelelo ezinokubakho ezibonelelwa yi-GNP, ayimangalisi into yokuba ngaphezulu kwe-2,300 yamalungelo awodwa abenzi anxulumene ne-GNP akhutshelwe amashishini kunye nezifundiswa.Iingcali ziqikelela ukukhula okubonakalayo kobu buchwepheshe, besithi kuya kuchaphazela amashishini angaphezu kwama-45, kubandakanya iipeyinti kunye neengubo.Ziliqela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezithintela ukukhula ziyapheliswa.Okokuqala, inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo, impilo kunye nokhuseleko (EHS) ingaba yingxaki kwi-nanoparticles entsha njengemvume yokulawula (umzekelo, inkqubo ye-European Union ye-REACH (uBhaliso, uVavanyo, ukuGunyanyiswa kunye nokuThintelwa kweMichiza) iyancitshiswa.Ukongeza, inani lababoneleli baye bavavanya ngokubanzi izixhobo zokuqinisa i-GNP ukuze baqonde ngcono okwenzekayo xa kutshizwa.Abenzi beGraphene bayakhawuleza ukucacisa ukuba ngenxa yokuba i-GNP yenziwe ngegraphite yeminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, inkqubo yabo ngokwemvelo ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunezinye izongezo ezininzi.Umceli mngeni wesibini kukufumana okwaneleyo ngexabiso elifikelelekayo, kodwa oku kuyaqwalaselwa njengoko abavelisi besandisa iinkqubo zabo zemveliso.
"Owona mqobo ekufakweni kwegraphene kwishishini ibe ngumthamo wemveliso yabenzi begraphene, kudityaniswa neendleko zembali eziphezulu zemveliso," kuchaza uTarek Jalloul weLead Carbon Technologies, iprojekthi yeTekhnoloji yeNanoXplore.“Le miqobo mibini iyoyiswa kwaye iimveliso zophuculo lwegraphene zingena kwisigaba sorhwebo njengoko amandla kunye nomsantsa wamaxabiso ucutheka.Ngokomzekelo, inkampani yam yasungulwa kwi-2011 kwaye ngoku inokuvelisa i-4,000 t / t ngonyaka, ngokutsho kwe-IDTechEx Research (Boston), singowona mveliso mkhulu wegraphene emhlabeni.Indawo yethu entsha yokuvelisa i-automation ngokupheleleyo kwaye inesakhiwo semodyuli esinokuphindaphindwa ngokulula ukuba kufuneka ukwandiswa.Omnye umqobo omkhulu kwizicelo zamashishini egraphene kukunqongophala kwemvume yolawulo, kodwa oku kuyenzeka ngoku. ”
"Iipropati ezibonelelwa ngegraphene zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lepeyinti kunye neengubo," wongezelela uVelzin."Nangona igraphene inexabiso eliphezulu ngegrama kunezinye izongezo, isetyenziswa kwixabiso elincinci kwaye ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezintle kangangokuba iindleko zexesha elide ziyafikeleleka.phuhlisa igraphene ?iingubo zokugquma??
“Le nto iyasebenza kwaye sinokubonisa ukuba ilungile,” wongeze watsho uPotts."Ukongeza i-graphene kwiresiphi, nokuba kuncinci kakhulu, kunokubonelela ngeempawu zenguqu."
Peggy Malnati is a regular contributor to PF’s sister publications CompositesWorld and MoldMaking Technology magazines and maintains contact with clients through her regional office in Detroit. pmalnati@garpub.com
I-Masking isetyenziswe kwimisebenzi emininzi yokugqiba isinyithi apho kuphela iindawo ezithile zobuso benxalenye kufuneka zicutshungulwe.Endaweni yoko, ukugquma ubuso kungasetyenziswa kwindawo apho unyango lungafunekiyo okanye kufuneka luphetshwe.Eli nqaku libandakanya imiba emininzi yentsimbi yokugqiba imaski, kubandakanywa izicelo, ubuchule, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufihla ezisetyenziswayo.
Ukubambelela okuphuculweyo, ukunyuka kwe-corrosion kunye nokuchasana kwe-blister, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwe-coating kunye neendawo kufuna unyango lwangaphambili.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-28-2022