Indlela yokuchonga ifilimu ye-PE kunye nefilimu ye-PVC ngendlela eqhelekileyo okanye yemihla ngemihla?
Into oyifunayo luvavanyo lwaseBeilstein.Imisela ubukho bePVC ngokubona ubukho beklorini.Udinga itotshi yepropane (okanye iBunsen burner) kunye nocingo lobhedu.Ucingo lobhedu luvutha ngokwalo lucocekile kodwa xa ludityaniswe nezinto ezineklorini (PVC) lutshisa luhlaza.Fudumeza ucingo lobhedu phezu kwedangatye (sebenzisa iipliers ukuze uzikhusele kwaye usebenzise ucingo olude) ukususa intsalela engafunekiyo.Cofa ucingo olushushu kwisampulu yakho yeplastiki ukuze enye inyibilike phezu kocingo emva koko ubuyisele ucingo olugqunyiweyo lweplastiki kwidangatye kwaye ujonge ukukhanya okuluhlaza.Ukuba itshisa okuluhlaza okuqaqambileyo, unayo iPVC.
Okokugqibela, i-PE ivutha ngevumba elifana ne-wax evuthayo ngelixa i-PVC inevumba lekhemikhali elibukhali kwaye izicima kwangoko xa isusiwe idangatye.
Ngaba i-polyethylene iyafana nePVC?Hayi.
I-Polyethylene ayinayo i-chlorine kwi-molecule, i-PVC yenza.I-PVC ine-polyvinyl efakwe kwi-chlorine, i-polyethylene ayinayo.I-PVC iqinile ngokwendalo kune-polyethylene.CPVC ngakumbi.I-PVC ikhupha iikhompawundi emanzini ngokuhamba kwexesha eziyityhefu, i-polyethylene ayinayo.I-PVC iqhekeza phantsi koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo (ngoko ayifanelekanga kwizicelo zomoya ezixinzelelweyo), i-polyethylene ayifuni.
Zombini iiplastiki ze-thermoformed.
Ngaba i-PVC i-polyethylene?
I-PVC, okanye i-polyvinyl chloride, ifakwe endaweni ye-polyethylene.Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke enye ikhabhoni yetsheyini ineklorini enye encanyathiselwe kunye ne-hydrogen, kunee-hydrogen ezimbini eziqhele ukufumaneka kwi-polyethylene.
Yenziwe ngantoni iplastiki yepolyethylene?
Ethylene
I-Polyethylene (PE), ukukhanya, i-resin yokwenziwa kwezinto ezininzi ezenziwe kwi-polymerization ye-ethylene.I-polyethylene lilungu lentsapho ebalulekileyo ye-polyolefin resins.
Yintoni i-polyethylene edibeneyo?
I-Polyethylene yi-hydrocarbon ende eyenziwe ngokudibanisa ngokulandelelana kweemolekyuli ze-ethylene kwimpendulo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polymerization.Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza le mpendulo ye-polymerization.
Ukuba i-Ti-based inorganic catalyst (i-Ziegler polymerization) isetyenzisiwe, iimeko zokusabela zithambile kwaye i-polymer enesiphumo ikwimo yamatyathanga e-hydrocarbon ahluthisiweyo amade kakhulu ane-unsaturation encinci (un-saturated -CH=CH2 amaqela) nokuba njengenxalenye yetyathanga okanye njengeqela elijingayo.Le mveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi-High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).Nangona xa i-co-monomers efana ne-1-butene ifakiwe, inqanaba le-unsaturation kwi-polymer ephumela (LLDPE) incinci.
Ukuba iChromium Oxide esekwe kwi-inorganic catalyst isetyenzisiwe, kwakhona amatsheyina amade e-hydrocarbon amade ayakhiwa, kodwa inqanaba elithile le-unsaturation liyabonwa.Kwakhona le yi-HDPE, kodwa kunye ne-long-chain branching.
Ukuba i-radical initiated polymerization yenziwa, kukho ithuba lawo omabini amatyathanga amade amade kwipolymer, kunye namanqaku amaninzi angaxutywanga -CH=CH2 amaqela njengenxalenye yekhonkco.Le resin yaziwa ngokuba yi-LDPE.Ama-co-monomers amaninzi afana ne-vinyl acetate, i-1-butene kunye ne-dienes inokudityaniswa ukuze iguqule kwaye isebenze i-chain chain hydrocarbon, kwaye iphinde ibandakanye i-unsaturation eyongezelelweyo kumaqela ajingayo.
I-LDPE, ngenxa yomgangatho wayo ophezulu womxholo wokungahlambuluki, yeyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa.Le yinkqubo eyenzeka emva kokuba ipholima yomgca wokuqala ilungisiwe.Xa i-LDPE ixutywa neziqalelo ezithile zasimahla kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ibopha amatyathanga ahlukeneyo “ngokuqhagamshelana” ngendlela.amatyathanga asecaleni angaxutywanga.Oku kubangela ulwakhiwo oluphezulu (isakhiwo esine-3-dimensional) “esiqinileyo” ngakumbi.
Iimpendulo ze-Crosslinking zisetyenziselwa "ukusetha" imilo ethile, mhlawumbi njengento eqinile okanye njenge-foam, eqala nge-pliable, i-polymer ephathwayo ngokulula.Inkqubo efanayo ye-crosslinking isetyenziselwa "i-vulcanization" ye-rubber, apho i-polymer yomgca eyenziwe kwi-polymerization ye-isoprene yenziwe ibe yi-3-dimensional structure eqinile isebenzisa isulfure (i-S8) njenge-arhente yokubopha amakhonkco ahlukeneyo.Iqondo le-cross-linking lingalawulwa ukuboleka iithagethi ezithile kwiipropati ze-polymer ezibangelwayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2022